The Tactile Internet:Automation or Augmentation of the Human
ABSTRACT
The idea of remotely controling machines via the Internet for the purpose of automated tele-manufacturing and shared use of manufacturing facilities by users worldwide has been studied since the late 1990s. This idea is now part of the vision of the emerging Tactile Internet, which lies at the nexus of computerization, automation, and robotization. Similar to future 5G cellular networks, the Tactile Internet is anticipated to rely on the full yet flexible convergence of different fixed and mobile access technologies, given that some use cases do not require mobility all the time. While necessary, though, the design of ultra-reliable and low-latency converged communication network infrastructures is not sufficient to unleash the full potential of the Tactile Internet. In this paper, we put forward the idea that the Tactile Internet may be the harbinger of human augmentation and human-machine symbiosis envisioned by contemporary and early-day Internet pioneers. In search for synergies between humans and machines/robots, we explore the idea of treating the human as a “member” of a team of intelligent machines rather than keep viewing him as a conventional “user” while putting a particular focus on developing systems that are human-aware and help advance the human condition, e.g., economic inequality.
EXISTING SYSTEM :
The Tactile Internet will revolutionize almost every segment of the society. It is a quantum leap prospect for global econ- omy. The Tactile Internet creates daunting new requirements for 5G cellular networks. After introducing the connection between haptic communications and the Tactile Internet, this article reviewed some of the most important design challenges in realizing the Tactile Internet. The most critical challenge is clearly in providing the 1-ms round-trip latency which we showed to be best accomplished through cutting-edge network-ing design as well as providing an enhanced haptic perception. The former is best accomplished through fundamental changes to the air interface and architecture design at the wireless edge; whilst the latter is best accomplished through artificial intelligence and predictive analytics able to understand haptic actuation.
PROPOSED SYSTEM :
In this paper, we put forward the idea that the Tactile Internet may be the harbinger of human augmentation and human-machine symbiosis envisioned by contemporary and early-day Internet pioneers. In search for synergies between humans and machines/robots, we explore the idea of treating the human as a “member” of a team of intelligent machines rather than keep viewing him as a conventional “user” while putting a particular focus on developing systems that are human-aware and help advance the human condition.
This paper tried to shed some light on the dichotomy between automation (i.e., replacement of capabilities) and augmentation (i.e., extension of capabilities) of the human through the Tactile Internet. Beside the design of reliable low-latency FiWi enhanced LTE-A HetNets to meet the QoE requirements of HITL-centric local and non-local teleoperation in terms of low latency and jitter performance on the order of 1-10 milliseconds, we presented an MLP based forecasting scheme that achieves QoC by improving the forecast accuracy of delayed haptic samples in real-time, reducing MAPE below 2%. Our results show that while deadband coding is able to reduce the average end-to-end delay, it is in general not sufficient to ensure a reliable teleoperation experience.
CONCLUSION :
The measure of success of the Tactile Internet is the value it creates for society and human lives. In fact, Stanford University’s recently launched One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) released its inaugural report “Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030,” in which an increasing focus on developing systems that are human-aware is expected over the next 10-15 years. Unlike the Internet of Things (IoT) without any human involvement in its underlying machineto- machine communications, the Tactile Internet involves the inherent HITL nature of haptic interaction and thus allows for a human-centric design approach towards creating and consuming novel immersive experiences via the Internet. This paper tried to shed some light on the dichotomy between automation (i.e., replacement of capabilities) and augmentation (i.e., extension of capabilities) of the human through the Tactile Internet. Beside the design of reliable low-latency FiWi enhanced LTE-A HetNets to meet the QoE requirements of HITL-centric local and non-local teleoperation in terms of low latency and jitter performance on the order of 1-10 milliseconds, we presented an MLP based forecasting scheme that achieves QoC by improving the forecast accuracy of delayed haptic samples in real-time, reducing MAPE below 2%. Our results show that while deadband coding is able to reduce the average end-to-end delay, it is in general not sufficient to ensure a reliable teleoperation experience. To scope with this shortcoming, our developed MLP performs multisample- ahead-of-time forecasting of delayed force samples coming from a given TOR and delivers the forecast samples to the HO rather than waiting for the delayed ones exceeding the desired threshold of 1 millisecond. As a result, HOs are enabled to perceive the remote task environment in real-time at a 1-millisecond granularity, resulting in a tighter togetherness, improved safety control, and increased reliability of the teleoperation system. Furthermore, we developed a self-aware HART-centric task coordination algorithm that minimizes the completion time of physical tasks by spreading ownership of robots across mobile users. Despite the achievements accomplished in this paper, it should be noted that in this work all involved HART members (humans and intelligent machines) were connected through a shared fiber backhaul, whose fiber reach did not exceed the typical 20 km of EPONs. Clearly, an interesting research problem to address is to what extent the demonstrated low
latency and jitter performance on the order of 1-10 milliseconds can be also achieved for significantly larger geographical distances, e.g, connecting the US and Europe. One promising approach discussed in might be the fact that coworking with robots will favor geographical clusters of local production (also known as “inshoring”), which not only avoids extensive propagation delays but also, and arguably more interestingly, fosters human expertise in the coordination of the humanrobot symbiosis for the sake of inventing new jobs humans can hardly imagine or did not even know they wanted done. The presented H2M/R communications and spreading ownership of robots across mobile users may be an important stepping stone to collaborative business relationships that function more like localized share-economy ecosystems than markets.